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Home/ Questions/Q 204
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Kenny
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KennyTeacher
Asked: April 6, 20202020-04-06T13:58:23+00:00 2020-04-06T13:58:23+00:00In: Others

How does Electricity work?

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This is to enlighten you on what to have in mind, most especially when power goes off at your residence.

A lot is involved in the electricity value chain which I think you should know about.

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      Daniel Scholar
      2020-04-06T14:40:58+00:00Added an answer on April 6, 2020 at 2:40 pm

      This is a good question to answer.
      Generally, electricity value chain across the globe is the same, the only difference is the names of the players of the utility.
      Nigeria unbundled its electrical utility on November 1, 2013, to investors (Investors are set of companies or individuals that spend money to maintain and buy utilities-water, electricity, etc)
      Back to the value chain.
      The value chain of Electricity is divided into four (4) major groups
      1. The Power Generators
      2. The Power Transmitters
      3. The Power Distributors
      4. The Power Consumers

      1. Power Generators
      These are the group of technical guys that generate power from different sources, be it Hydro, Gas, Coal, Nuclear, Biomass…
      Specifically, we have 6 power generating companies in Nigeria. These companies generate power/electricity from hydro and gas-fired plants. The popular ones are Egbin Thermal Station in Ikorodu, Lagos (Gas fired), Kainji Dam in Niger (Hydro station), Shiroro, AFAM, Olorunsogo…
      The major challenge these players faced is shortage of gas supply and/or debts accrued from buying gas on credit from oil companies like Shell and the likes.

      2. The Power Transmitters
      Basically called Transmission Company, they are the ones that wheel the power/electricity generated to substations to be picked by distribution companies.
      In Nigeria, they are TCN- Transmission Company of Nigeria. The problem they are faced with is rigid cables, lack of transformers, poor network system…these are technical terms that would take forever to explain.

      3. The Power Distributors (DisCos-Distribution Companies)
      As the name implies, they distribute power they get supplied with from the transmission company. In our case, TCN is solely responsible for supplying electricity to the distribution companies that eventually power your house.
      We have 11 Distribution companies in Nigeria
      Abuja Electricity Distribution Company
      Benin Electricity Distribution Company
      Eko Electricity Distribution Company
      Enugu Electricity Distribution Company
      Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company
      Ikeja Electricity Distribution Company
      Jos Electricity Distribution Company
      Kaduna Electricity Distribution Company
      Kano Electricity Distribution Company
      Port Harcourt Electricity Distribution Company
      Yola Electricity Distribution Company
      They all have areas of coverage within the federation.
      All these DisCos are not responsible for generating light, they only distribute what they have been supplied.

      4. The Power Consumers
      This comprises of you and me.

      What I want you to know is, do not ascribe blame to your distribution company whenever you do not have light.
      A lot of things happens at the background which the general public does not know.

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